Rekonstruksi Analisis Struktur Sosial Melalui Pendekatan Sistem Kompleks Untuk Mengatasi Keterbatasan Model Klasik Dalam Membaca Dinamika Masyarakat Digital Kontemporer
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Diana Mafaza
Hilwa Lujha Salsabila
Zahreta Maghfira Agustim
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi analisis struktur sosial melalui pendekatan sistem kompleks guna menjawab keterbatasan model klasik dalam memahami ko-evolusi antara struktur dan dinamika masyarakat pada konteks sosio-digital kontemporer. Berangkat dari rumusan masalah mengenai bagaimana pendekatan sistem kompleks dapat menawarkan kerangka konseptual yang lebih akurat untuk memetakan perubahan relasi kekuasaan, pola interaksi, dan reproduksi ketimpangan sosial, studi ini mengembangkan sintesis konseptual dan analisis komparatif lintas literatur. Metode yang digunakan bersifat conceptual-analytical dengan dukungan complexity-informed social analysis, meliputi integrasi teori complex adaptive systems, analisis jaringan multilapis, serta temuan empiris dari kajian sosial digital dan ilmu jaringan. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan identifikasi mekanisme ko-evolusi antara agen, struktur, dan algoritma sebagai motor pembentukan pola sosial baru.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa struktur sosial dalam masyarakat digital tidak lagi bersifat hierarkis dan stabil sebagaimana diasumsikan teori klasik, tetapi muncul sebagai jaringan terdistribusi yang adaptif dan bergerak dinamis. Relasi kekuasaan kini dipengaruhi oleh proses algoritmik yang mengatur visibilitas, akses informasi, dan peluang sosial; sementara ketimpangan direproduksi melalui mekanisme digital seperti algorithmic sorting, data asymmetry, dan platform bias. Model analitis baru yang diusulkan menegaskan bahwa pemahaman struktur sosial memerlukan kerangka multilayer yang mampu menangkap perubahan real-time, sifat non-linear, dan hubungan timbal balik antara interaksi mikro dan konfigurasi makro. Kesimpulannya, pendekatan sistem kompleks menawarkan landasan konseptual yang lebih sesuai untuk membaca dinamika masyarakat digital serta memperluas horizon teoritis ilmu sosial. Rekonstruksi ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi pengembangan paradigma baru dalam studi struktur sosial serta menjadi fondasi untuk penelitian lanjutan berbasis pemodelan jaringan dan simulasi sosial.
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