Integrasi Agile dalam Kerangka Waterfall pada Proyek Konstruksi Migas: Kajian Literatur dan Strategi Implementasi
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Danur Riswanto
Penelitian ini mengkaji tantangan dan peluang penerapan metode manajemen proyek hybrid Agile-Waterfall pada proyek konstruksi industri oil & gas, seperti pembangunan kilang, terminal penyimpanan, dan fasilitas distribusi. Proyek migas umumnya kompleks dengan regulasi yang ketat, sehingga berpotensi mengalami cost dan schedule overrun, disebabkan oleh perubahan desain, produktivitas tenaga kerja rendah, perencanaan yang kurang baik, serta fluktuasi harga material. Studi literatur terkini menunjukkan bahwa penggabungan prinsip agile (iteratif dan adaptif) ke dalam kerangka waterfall dapat meningkatkan fleksibilitas dalam menghadapi perubahan serta efisiensi waktu dan biaya. Praktik kontemporer seperti penggunaan scrum atau kanban telah diterapkan pada proyek energi untuk visualisasi alur kerja, kolaborasi tim, dan umpan balik berkelanjutan. Integrasi agile dalam lingkungan proyek migas menawarkan kelebihan seperti respons lebih cepat terhadap perubahan, transparansi lebih tinggi, dan prioritas fokus pada elemen krusial, namun juga menghadapi keterbatasan berupa tingginya biaya perubahan desain, kompleksitas regulasi, dan kebutuhan transformasi budaya kerja. Berdasarkan analisis ini, direkomendasikan praktik-praktik terbaik dan roadmap pelaksanaan pendekatan hybrid agile-waterfall dalam proyek konstruksi migas, seperti iterasi desain dengan kolaborasi klien, penggunaan papan kanban atau scrum untuk visual manajemen, serta pelatihan tim proyek, guna meningkatkan ketepatan waktu, biaya, dan kesesuaian regulatori.
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